Underwater activities are characterized by an imbalance between reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) and antioxidant mechanisms, which can be associated with an inflammatory response, depending on O2 availability.

Introduction Telemetric systems, including wearable, implantable, and consumable sensors, allow extensive health-related monitoring not yet available in all conditions to which humans are exposed.

Purpose: Dive-induced cardiac and hemodynamic changes are caused by various mechanisms, and they are aggravated by cold water. Therefore, aging divers with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions may be at risk of acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, or arrhythmias while diving. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a single decompression CCR dive in arctic cold water on cardiac function in Finnish technical divers.

Molecular oxygen (O2) is one of the four most important elements on Earth (alongside carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen); aerobic organisms depend on it to release energy from carbon-based molecules.

Pulmonary gas exchange in breath-hold diving (BHD) consists of a progressive increase in arterial PO2 and PCO2 (PaO2 and PaCO2) during descent. However, recent findings have demonstrated that PaO2 does not consistently rise in all subjects. This study aimed at verifying and explaining PaO2 derangements during BHD analyzing arterial blood gases and searching for pulmonary alterations with lung ultrasound.